Breast and ovarian cancer in the female population of the eastern territories of the Russian Federation

The absence of positive dynamics in the morbidity and mortality rates from oncologic diseases in recent decades in the eastern regions of Russia served as a basis for studying the epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system in a particular territory. Objective to assess the territorial peculiarities of the main morbidity and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) in the population of the eastern regions of the Russian Federation (2012-2021). The data on morbidity and mortality, reporting forms of statistical records of oncological patients and regulatory documents of higher organizations, information on observations of the dynamics of changes in the numerical values of the indicators of the pathology under study were used in this work. In 2021, 3484 new cases of malignant neoplasms of the breast and 755 patients with ovarian cancer were registered in the Far Eastern Federal District. The maximum number of patients fell on the age group of 45-70 years old. The mean values of statistical incidence rates for breast cancer were 49.52±0,72^О/_ОООО (2018 – 49,61±0,73 ^О/_ОООО) and for ovarian cancer were 11,03±0,14 ^О/_ОООО (2018 – 10,95±0,21 ^О/_ОООО). By the end of the study period, the number of actively detected patients increased in breast cancer to 35,2% (2012 – 18,9%) and RNJ to 15,3% (2012 – 7,5%), as did the contingent accumulation index at the end of the year. During the study period, the number of patients with stages I-II of the tumor process increased (breast cancer +4,7%, cancer +13,2%) with a simultaneous decrease in the number of advanced forms of the disease. Morphologic confirmation of the diagnosis is represented by lower figures (98,3% for breast cancer and 94,5% for cancer) compared to the Russian average. The proportion of patients registered for 5 or more years was higher than in Russia, with mortality rates decreasing in the first year after diagnosis. The average values of statistical mortality rates amounted to 14,33±0.38 ^О/_ОООО (2018 – 14,65±0,41 ^О/_ОООО) for breast cancer and 5,13±0,09 ^О/_ОООО (2018 – 5,14±0,10 ^О/_ОООО) for cancer. The quality of activity of the oncological service of the district was marked by the index of reliability of registration, which in the east of the country practically did not differ from the indicators in the Russian Federation (RMJ – 0,26, RF – 0,25; RYA – 0,42, RF – 0,44). The number of patients with malignant neoplasms remains significant in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation against the background of a decreasing number of residents, which indicates a serious disadvantage in the formation of health of the inhabitants of these territories. The low level of active detection of the disease at early stages of its development did not allow to significantly change the morbidity and mortality rates. Preventive measures aimed at early detection of malignant neoplasms with mandatory work in dispensary groups of patients with background and precancerous diseases remain a priority in improving the oncological situation in the eastern regions of Russia. All this should be accompanied by sufficient provision of modern technologies of diagnostics and treatment with systematic training of qualified personnel for primary health care.

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